A mechanical PCB test fixture, also known as a mechanical test fixture or mechanical test jig, is a specialized tool used for testing printed circuit boards (PCBs) by applying mechanical forces, movements, or alignments during the testing process. Unlike electrical test fixtures (such as in-circuit or functional test fixtures), mechanical test fixtures focus on evaluating the physical and mechanical aspects of the PCB rather than its electrical performance.
Mechanical PCB test fixtures are commonly used for the following purposes:
- Mechanical Alignment: Ensuring proper alignment of components and connectors on the PCB during testing. This is particularly important for PCBs that require precise mechanical fit, such as those used in connectors or mechanical assemblies.
- Compression Testing: Applying controlled mechanical pressure to specific areas of the PCB to evaluate its structural integrity, resistance to deformation, or ability to withstand mechanical stress.
- Board Flex Testing: Assessing the PCB’s ability to withstand bending or flexing forces, which is particularly important for rigid-flex or flexible PCBs used in applications with frequent bending.
- Insertion/Extraction Testing: Simulating repeated insertion and extraction of connectors or components on the PCB to assess their durability and potential for wear and tear.
- Vibration and Shock Testing: Subjecting the PCB to controlled vibration or shock to evaluate its resistance to mechanical vibrations and impacts experienced during transportation or operation.
- Thermal Testing: Evaluating the PCB’s behavior under different temperature conditions to assess its thermal stability and performance in varying environments.
Mechanical test fixture can be custom-designed to match the specific requirements of the PCB being tested. They are often used in combination with other testing methods, such as electrical testing or environmental testing, to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the PCB’s overall performance and reliability.
It’s worth noting that mechanical test fixtures are just one aspect of the overall PCB testing process. A complete testing strategy usually involves a combination of different test fixtures and methods to ensure that the PCB meets its design specifications and can perform reliably in its intended application.